Debugging cross-platform applications in C++ Builder is both achievable and efficient if you use the right tools and techniques. Whether you are targeting Windows, macOS, iOS, or Android, the process shares a consistent workflow, with minor adjustments for platform-specific issues.
Why Cross-Platform Debugging Matters
Cross-platform development means code runs on multiple operating systems. Debugging ensures the same code behaves consistently across all environments. Without careful debugging, minor inconsistencies can escalate into serious user experience issues.
Tools Built into C++ Builder
C++ Builder provides robust integrated debugging support for multiple platforms. The key tools include:
- LLDB Debugger: Used for macOS, iOS, and Android targets.
- RAD Studio IDE Debugger: For Windows-based debugging.
- PAServer: Handles remote debugging for macOS and iOS.
Each debugger is automatically selected based on the active platform, reducing manual setup.
Common Challenges and How to Solve Them
1. Different Runtime Behaviors
Memory allocation, file system access, and thread management differ across platforms.
Solution:
- Always test file paths, permissions, and threading on each target device.
- Use platform-specific conditionals (
#ifdef) sparingly but effectively.
2. Inconsistent UI Rendering
Controls and layouts may not behave identically.
Solution:
- Use FireMonkey’s layout management features.
- Preview and debug UI with live previews on different form factors.
3. Debug Symbols and Stripped Binaries
Sometimes deployed apps lack the necessary symbols for a smooth debugging experience.
Solution:
- Enable detailed debug information under Project Options.
- For iOS, ensure Debug builds are signed with a proper provisioning profile.
Steps to Debug Cross-Platform Applications Efficiently
1. Set Up PAServer Correctly
Install and run PAServer on your macOS machine for iOS and macOS targets. Make sure it’s reachable from your development machine.
2. Target the Correct Platform
In the RAD Studio IDE, select the desired platform from the drop-down next to the ‘Run’ button. Ensure your SDKs are properly configured.
3. Use Platform Assistant (PA) Configuration
Before deploying, validate SDK settings:
- Verify file paths.
- Update and validate local copies of remote SDK files.
4. Enable Runtime Checks
Turn on options like ‘Range Checking’ and ‘Overflow Checking’ under Compiler options to catch errors early.
5. Breakpoints and Watches
Strategically place breakpoints:
- Focus on platform-specific code sections.
- Use Watches to monitor variable values across environments.
6. Remote Debugging Sessions
When debugging iOS or macOS, use remote debugging sessions. Ensure firewall settings allow the connection, and check PAServer logs if issues occur.
7. Analyze Stack Traces Carefully
Stack traces might include platform-specific system calls. Pay attention to your code’s frames first before diving into system-level calls.
Pro Tips for Cross-Platform Debugging
- Log Everything: Insert lightweight logging to catch hard-to-reproduce bugs.
- Use Conditional Compilation: Segment platform-specific tweaks cleanly.
- Test on Real Devices: Emulators do not always replicate real-world hardware behaviors.
- Profile Performance: Use platform-specific tools like Instruments (iOS/macOS) or Android Profiler.
- Keep Dependencies Updated: Old SDKs or PAServer versions often cause unexpected failures.
Summary Checklist
- Configure PAServer and platform SDKs properly.
- Use debug builds with full symbol generation.
- Strategically use breakpoints and watches.
- Perform tests on real hardware.
- Leverage FireMonkey for responsive UI across platforms.
- Keep logs and use platform-specific profilers.
Cross-platform debugging demands discipline, but C++ Builder equips you with everything necessary to handle it systematically. Each project benefits from a structured debugging strategy, helping you deliver consistent and reliable applications across every platform you target.